Which ancient civilization built the city of Machu Picchu?

Aztecs

Maya

Inca

Olmec

Machu Picchu was built by the Inca civilization in the 15th century as a royal estate for Emperor Pachacuti.

Who was the first female pharaoh of ancient Egypt?

Nefertiti

Cleopatra

Hatshepsut

Sobekneferu

Hatshepsut ruled as pharaoh during the 18th Dynasty, known for her prosperous reign and monumental building projects.

The Magna Carta was signed in which year?

1066

1215

1348

1492

The Magna Carta was signed in 1215 by King John of England, establishing the principle that everyone, including the king, was subject to the law.

Which empire was ruled by Emperor Ashoka the Great?

Roman Empire

Maurya Empire

Mongol Empire

Ottoman Empire

Ashoka the Great ruled the Maurya Empire in ancient India and is renowned for spreading Buddhism after the Kalinga War.

The “Trail of Tears” refers to the forced relocation of which Native American group?

Cherokee

Sioux

Apache

Iroquois

The Trail of Tears (1838–1839) was the forced displacement of the Cherokee Nation from their ancestral lands to Oklahoma, resulting in thousands of deaths.

Who led the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)?

Simón Bolívar

Toussaint Louverture

José de San Martín

Napoleon Bonaparte

Toussaint Louverture was a key leader in the Haitian Revolution, which resulted in Haiti becoming the first independent black republic.

The Industrial Revolution began in which country?

France

Germany

United States

Great Britain

The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain in the late 18th century, driven by advancements in manufacturing and technology.

Which war was sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

World War I

World War II

Crimean War

Franco-Prussian War

The assassination in 1914 triggered a chain of alliances that led to World War I.

The “Iron Curtain” speech was delivered by which leader?

Winston Churchill

Joseph Stalin

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Harry S. Truman

Churchill’s 1946 speech warned of Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe after WWII, coining the term “Iron Curtain.”

Who was the first emperor of unified China?

Qin Shi Huang

Emperor Wu

Confucius

Genghis Khan

Qin Shi Huang unified China in 221 BCE and standardized writing, currency, and measurements.

The “Black Death” pandemic peaked in Europe during which century?

12th

14th

16th

18th

The Black Death (1347–1351) killed an estimated 30–60% of Europe’s population.

Which treaty ended the American Revolutionary War?

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty of Paris (1783)

This treaty recognized U.S. independence and established borders between the U.S. and British North America.

The “Scramble for Africa” occurred during which century?

16th

18th

19th

20th

European powers colonized Africa in the late 19th century, dividing the continent at the Berlin Conference (1884–1885).

Who invented the printing press around 1440?

Leonardo da Vinci

Johannes Gutenberg

Galileo Galilei

Isaac Newton

Gutenberg’s movable-type printing press revolutionized book production and spread knowledge during the Renaissance.

The “Great Wall of China” was primarily built to defend against which group?

Mongols

Vikings

Persians

Huns

The wall was expanded during the Ming Dynasty to protect against Mongol invasions.

Which queen ruled England during the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

Elizabeth I

Mary I

Victoria

Anne

Elizabeth I’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, securing England’s naval dominance.

The “Declaration of Independence” was adopted in which year?

1775

1776

1781

1789

The Continental Congress adopted the declaration on July 4, 1776, proclaiming U.S. independence from Britain.

Who was the first President of the United States?

Thomas Jefferson

John Adams

George Washington

James Madison

Washington served as president from 1789 to 1797 after leading the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War.

The “Renaissance” began in which country?

France

Spain

Italy

Germany

The Renaissance originated in 14th-century Italy, marked by a revival of classical art, science, and humanism.

Which ancient wonder was located in Alexandria, Egypt?

Hanging Gardens

Colossus of Rhodes

Lighthouse of Alexandria

Temple of Artemis

The Pharos of Alexandria was a towering lighthouse built circa 280 BCE and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

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